The fire power supply and distribution system is a power system that provides reliable power supply for the fire facilities in the building.
In fact, the fire power supply and distribution system is part of the building power supply and distribution system, just to better ensure the reliable power supply of fire electrical equipment, special in its power supply type, power supply mode, distribution line design, etc.
Composition of fire power supply and distribution and fire power supply method
(1) Fire power supply
An independent power supply that supplies electrical energy to fire-fighting electrical equipment is called a fire-fighting power source.
The fire power supply system consists of several independent power sources with different purposes connected to each other in a certain way to form a power network for power supply, which can improve the reliability and economy of power supply.
Generally, the power supply in the system can be divided into main power supply and emergency power supply according to its power supply range and time. The main power source refers to the power source of the power system, and the emergency power source can be served by the self-provided diesel generator set or battery set.
The form of fire emergency power supply can be divided into power system power supply, self-provided diesel generator set, battery pack, fire equipment emergency power supply (EPS) and uninterruptible power supply.
1) Power supply
Whether it is the main power supply of the fire power supply or the emergency power supply, you can choose the power system power supply.
The power supply of the power system comes from the urban power supply network. When the capacity of the equipment to be supplied is large, the power supply of the power system is generally selected. To ensure reliable power supply, when the main power supply and the emergency power supply are both from the power supply of the power system, the two power supplies must be independent of each other.
2) Self-provided diesel generator
The diesel generator set is a kind of power supply equipment that uses the diesel engine as the prime mover and drives the synchronous generator to generate electricity.
It can quickly start running when the city power is suddenly interrupted, and provide stable AC power to the load in the shortest time to ensure timely power supply to the load.
3) Battery pack
The battery ((group)) can be used as a backup power source for small-capacity equipment.
Such as the DC standby power supply of the automatic fire alarm system, the standby power supply of emergency lighting, the DC operating power supply of the substation, and the DC power supply of the uninterruptible power supply device.
4) Emergency power supply for fire equipment
Referred to simply as EPS, the emergency power supply of fire fighting equipment can provide centralized power supply for fire fighting loads and other important power supply loads.
It can be used for emergency lighting, signage, fire elevator, fire pump, automatic fire alarm system, smoke exhaust fan, etc.
This picture shows the working principle of emergency power supply for fire equipment.
It can be seen from the figure that the emergency power supply of fire fighting equipment is powered by two lines of mains and standby power. When one of mains or standby power is cut off, the other line can be selected as the power supply by the switch. The output of FEPS It is the input power of the power system.
When the mains power and the backup power supply are cut off, the controller detects that the line is de-energized and closes the switch behind the battery pack. At this time, the output of the FEPS is powered by its internal battery pack after being inverted by the inverter.
5) Uninterruptible power supply
UPS is generally used for precision instrument loads (such as computers, servers and other IT industry loads) and other occasions that require high power quality.
(2) Power distribution part
Protect, monitor, distribute, convert, control, and transmit power to and from fire-fighting electrical equipment.
The power distribution devices include: low-voltage switchgear in the substation, generator distribution panel, power distribution box, lighting distribution box, emergency power switch box, and distribution trunk and branch lines.
(3) Fire power equipment
It can be summarized into the following categories:
1) Electric drive equipment, including fire pumps, fire elevators, smoke exhaust fans, fire shutter doors, etc.
2) Electrical lighting equipment
Working lighting: such as fire control room, substation room, fire pump room, fire elevator front room, etc., lighting fixtures that need to be provided in case of fire; evacuation lighting: conference hall, audience hall, corridor, evacuation staircase, fire door Illumination and indication lamps and lanterns where people gather and evacuate during a fire.
3) Alarm and notification equipment
Such as: fire alarm, fire alarm controller, accident broadcaster, special telephone for fire protection, etc.
4) Other electrical equipment
Such as emergency power sockets.
The purpose of setting up the fire power supply and distribution system is to provide reliable power supply to the fire power equipment, in order to ensure that the power supply is not interrupted when the fire starts.
The fire power supply and distribution system should meet the reliability requirements.
If the power supply is interrupted during the fire, the fire power equipment will be useless, the fire fighters will be delayed, and the people’s lives and property will be seriously affected. Therefore, to ensure the reliability of power supply and power distribution, in order to ensure that the power supply is not interrupted during fire.
The fire power supply and distribution system should also meet the fire resistance requirements.
The fire power supply and distribution system should be fire-resistant, heat-resistant and explosion-proof during a fire.
In civil engineering, refractory materials should also be used to ensure uninterrupted power supply.